Domain Name System
DNS · The internet's address book that translates domain names, for example example.com, into server IP addresses and determines where services such as e-mail are routed.
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Why it matters
DNS records determine which server the site opens on, which provider e-mail goes to and e-mail authentication settings such as SPF, DKIM and DMARC. A wrong record can stop the site or e-mail completely, and a hijacked domain management account means all traffic can be redirected to the attacker.
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Example
When moving its site to new hosting, a company changes only the A record and does not touch the MX records that handle e-mail. Once the change propagates, the site opens from the new server and e-mail keeps working without interruption.
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Common mistake
Deleting old DNS records during a move without noting them down. A forgotten MX or verification record can cause e-mails to be lost for days.
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