Cyber Insurance: A risk transfer tool covering the financial impact of data breaches. Coverage includes: 1) First-party coverage (damage to the company): Network security liability (hacker access), Privacy liability (personal data breach), Regulatory fines (KVKK penalties), Data recovery (restore costs), Extortion/ransom (ransomware). 2) Third-party coverage (damage to customers/partners): Liability (customer lawsuits), Privacy liability (data breach responsibility), Network security liability (lawsuits from network service interruptions). Additional: Crisis management (PR/communication), Legal consultation, Forensic investigation, Business interruption (lost revenue compensation). Coverage limits: Typical insurance offers $10M+ coverage per data breach, ransom max $500k-1M, business interruption max 90 days of revenue. Price: SMEs (50 employees, $1M coverage) $3k-8k/year, large companies ($10M coverage) $50k+. Exclusions: Negligence (obvious negligence — unpatched systems), previous breaches (penalties from prior attacks), contractual liability (breach of contract), intentional acts (damage caused intentionally). Claims process: Incident report → insurance notification (30-90 day deadline) → Investigation → Claim assessment → Payout (30-60 days).