We're an 18-person mold and metal machining workshop in Gebze. Last week we learned that a CNC machining shop in our industrial park got all their servers locked down, their accounting and technical CAD files encrypted, and the attackers demanded a massive ransom in crypto to restore access. Their operations came to a dead halt, they couldn't fulfill orders, and from what I hear, their backups were on the same network, so those got encrypted too.
Our setup isn't much different: we have a local accounting server, a shared network drive, and desktop PCs used by staff. Everyone at our shop started getting nervous after this incident, but technically speaking, I don't really know how ransomware actually breaches a system or what it does once it's inside.
What are the first and most critical defense steps a small business without dedicated IT staff should take before the system gets crippled? I want to know the baseline essentials we must do before shelling out hundreds of thousands of liras on fancy security infrastructure.